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Objective:To compare the efficacy of modified single-incision and traditional double-incision for flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer in the treatment of Myerson type III chronic Achilles tendon ruptures in the middle-aged and elderly patients.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 106 patients with Myerson type III chronic Achilles tendon ruptures admitted to Ningbo No.6 Hospital from January 2015 to May 2021, including 54 males and 52 females; aged 48-82 years [(67.2±8.4)years]. Flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer was assigned to 60 patients using modified single-incision (modified single-incision group) and to 46 patients using traditional double-incision (traditional double-incision group). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss as well as American foot and ankle society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, foot and ankle outcome score (FAOS), visual analogue score (VAS) before operation, at postoperative 12 months and at the last follow-up were compared between the two groups. Time to recover walking and self-care ability, and incidence of complications were compared as well.Results:All patients were followed up for 16-52 months [(37.4±9.5)months]. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss were (51.6±7.4)minutes and (16.6±3.9)ml in modified single-incision group compared to (72.8±7.5)minutes and (32.9±5.2)ml in traditional double-incision group (all P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score, FAOS and VAS between the two groups before operation (all P>0.05). At postoperative 12 months and at the last follow-up, AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score and VAS were not significantly different between the two groups (all P>0.05), but FAOS in modified single-incision group [(112.6±3.0)points, (114.4±3.1)points] was improved significantly compared with traditional double-incision group [(110.8±4.1)points, (112.7±4.3)points] ( P<0.05 or 0.01). At postoperative 12 months and at the last follow-up, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score, FAOS and VAS in both groups were improved or decreased significantly compared with those before operation (all P<0.05). All patients recovered their pre-injury daily activities. The time to recover walking and self-care ability were (9.6±2.0)weeks and (12.7±1.7)weeks in modified single-incision group compared to (10.8±1.8)weeks and (13.7±1.9)weeks in traditional double-incision group (all P<0.01). In modified single-incision group, superficial incision infection ( n=1) was found and cured after oral antibiotics. In traditional double-incision group, superficial incision infection ( n=2), deep incision infection ( n=1), deep venous thrombosis ( n=1) and medial plantar nerve injury ( n=1) were found and cured after symptomatic internal medical therapy; claw toe deformity ( n=2) was found and relieved after wearing customized insoles and functional exercise. The incidence of complications was 1.7% (1/60) in modified single-incision group compared to 15.2% (7/46) in traditional double-incision group ( P<0.01). Conclusion:In contrast with traditional double-incision surgery, modified single-incision for flexor longus tendon transfer in the treatment of Myerson type III chronic Achilles tendon ruptures in the middle-aged and elderly patients has advantages such as shorter operation time, less intraoperative blood loss, better functional recovery, faster postoperative recovery and less complications.
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Acute respiratory tract infection is the most common infectious disease in children, which seriously threatens children′s health.Rapid and accurate etiological diagnosis is of great significance for the clinical treatment and control of these diseases.Pathogen nucleic acid test was applied and became the main method of respiratory tract infection diagnosis for its high sensitivity and specificity.To regulate the application of pathogen nucleic acid amplification test in respiratory tract infection in children, improve the diagnosis level, expert consensus on nucleic acid amplification test of respiratory pathogens in children was prepared to guide the application and promote pathogens diagnosis ability.
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This study aimed to explore the application value of new biological specimen oral fluid in SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and antibody detection. Oral fluid and paired respiratory and blood specimens from 7 confirmed cases of two COVID-19 cluster epidemic were collected in Beijing from October to November 2021. SARS-CoV-2 virus and IgG antibody were detected by real time PCR kits and serum antibody detection reagents, and SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody in oral fluids was detected by a new established method of magnetic particle chemiluminescence. The results showed that the nucleic acid amplification test of SARS-CoV-2 on nasopharyngeal swabs, throat swabs and oral fluid specimens from 3 confirmed cases of COVID-19 was positive, among which the Ct value for ORF1a/b and N gene of oral fluid samples in 2 cases was close to that of throat swab, and the Ct value of oral fluid sample for 1 case was higher than that of throat swab. The complete genome sequence of one oral fluid specimen was obtained, which belonged to the VOC/Delta variant strain. The SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies of the paired oral fluid and serum were all positive, and the S/CO values of oral fluid were all lower than those of serum. The series of oral fluid results showed that SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody level increased from 11 to 32 days after the onset of the disease.
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Humans , COVID-19/diagnosis , Nucleic Acids , SARS-CoV-2 , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is a disabling osteoarthropathy of unknown cause, which occurs most frequently in children and adolescents and affects many regions in China. In adults KBD patients, the degeneration of weight-bearing joints is the most serious, especially the knee joint. Up to now, there are still a large number of adult patients with KBD arthritis of the knee, and they have not been systematically and effectively treated. The main manifestations are knee joint pain, thickening, deformation and restricted movement. In severe cases, it can lead to knee joint varus, valgus, flexion contracture, and rotational deformity, which seriously affects the quality of life and work ability of the patients. Early diagnosis of KBD arthritis of the knee is difficult and there is no effective treatment, so it needs to be differentiated from knee osteoarthritis (OA). KBD and OA have common pathological characteristics. According to the "Consensus of Four-stepladder Program of Knee 0steoarthritis" (2018), OA treatment is divided into four levels: basic treatment, drug treatment, restorative treatment and reconstruction treatment. In this paper, the treatment of KBD arthritis of adult knee joint is summarized, which is also divided into four steps. It is necessary to make stepwise treatments according to the severity of KBD arthritis of the knee and the differences of patient's own condition, so that the limited medical resources can be efficiently used. At the same time, this paper also systematically summarizes the epidemiological characteristics, pathological features and diagnostic criteria of KBD arthritis of the knee, aiming to provide effective reference and guidance for the treatment of KBD arthritis of the knee.
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Objective:To understand the etiology and clinical characteristics of hospitalized severe community-acquired pneumonia(SCAP) in Changchun, and provide scientific basis for its etiology diagnosis and targeted treatment.Methods:The study subjects included 618 children with clinical diagnosis of SCAP who were hospitalized from January 2016 to December 2019.We collected pharyngeal swabs and alveolar lavage fluid from children.Virus isolation, bacterial culture, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, PCR/RT-PCR, colloidal gold method and Optochin test were used to detect the antigen, nucleic acid and protein profiles in the specimen.Results:There were more boys than girls in hospitalized children with SCAP.The peak age of onset was 7 to 12 months.Most cases occurred in winter and spring.The highest detection rate of SCAP virus was 56.15%(347/618); 73.49%(255/347) were positive for one virus, among which the top five were respiratory syncytial virus (27.8%), influenza A virus (23.9%), influenza B virus (16.1%), rhinovirus (12.2%) and metapneumovirus (10.2%). Two viruses were positive for 19.88%(69/347); three viruses were positive for 4.32%(15/347); four viruses were positive for 2.31%(8/347). Atypical microbial infections were 29.77%(184/618), of which Mycoplasma pneumoniae accounted for 95.65%(176/184). Bacterial infections were 17.31%(107/618), mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae(39.25%, 42/107) and Staphylococcus aureus(24.30%, 26/107). The mixed infection of multiple pathogens was 7.61%(47/618), among which the mixed infection rates of Mycoplasma pneumonia with Streptococcus pneumoniae, virus were 40.43% and 34.04%, respectively.High fever, faster breathing, and perioral cyanosis were risk factors for SCAP, with OR and 95% CI of 7.71 and 4.56-13.04, 2.43 and 2.02-2.93, 3.53 and 2.56-4.86, respectively.Viral co-infection occurred in 36.96%(34/92) of complications such as heart failure, toxic encephalopathy, and myocardial damage; Mycoplasma pneumoniae and other pathogens co-infected 35.29% of children with pleural effusion. Conclusion:The pathogens of SCAP in Changchun are mainly viruses notably, respiratory syncytial virus is the dominant pathogen, followed by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.The bacterial pathogen is mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae.High fever, faster breathing, and cyanosis around the mouth are risk factors for severe pneumonia.Multi-pathogen mixed infection is prone to serious complications.
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Objective:To clarify the infection and epidemic characteristics of the human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in Chinese patients with febrile respiratory syndrome (FRS), and to provide important baseline data for clinical diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of HMPV-induced respiratory tract diseases in China.Methods:FRS cases from January 2009 to June 2021 in 9 provinces in China, including Beijing, Hebei, Jilin, Shandong, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Anhui, Guangdong, Hunan were retrospectively analyzed for their respiratory samples, clinical and epidemic data.The respiratory samples were detected for HMPV by quantitative real-time PCR.Results:A total of 11 660 cases were tested for HMPV, involving 296 (2.54%) HMPV-positive cases.Among 296 HMPV-positive cases, 218 were single HMPV infection, and 78/296 (26.35%) were co-infected with one or more respiratory viruses.HMPV mainly affected children under 5 years of age (3.10%), and in this population, the proportion of pneumonia in HMPV co-infection cases was significantly higher than that of single HMPV infection.HMPV could be detected all year round, which was more popular in winter and spring, with the peak of HMPV epidemic in March.Conclusions:HMPV is one of the important pathogens causing acute respiratory infection in children, showing a clear seasonal epidemic.HMPV can be infected alone or in combination with other respiratory viruses, which may increase the risk of pneumonia in children.
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This study shows the case of a patient with peroneus brevis tendon rupture in ankle fracture. The patient com-plained of swelling, pain and activity limitation in her right ankle caused by sprain. She was diagnosed with ankle fracture, supina-tion-adduction (Lauge-Hansen typing) by medical history, physical examination and imaging. The peroneus brevis tendon was not-ed complete ruptured when suturing the incision after ORIF, which was then repaired by "8" shaped suture. Based on literature re-view, the injury mechanism of the case may be because of overload inversion force toward to lateral inferior from the fracture of fib-ula on the peroneus brevis tendon. Additional attention should be paid to patients who suffered from an supination-adduction ankle fracture for whether peroneus brevis tendon tears before and during surgery.
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This study shows the case of a patient with peroneus brevis tendon rupture in ankle fracture.The patient complained of swelling,pain and activity limitation in her right ankle caused by sprain.She was diagnosed with ankle fracture,supination-adduction (Lauge-Hansen typing) by medical history,physical examination and imaging.The peroneus brevis tendon was noted complete ruptured when suturing the incision after ORIF,which was then repaired by"8" shaped suture.Based on literature review,the injury mechanism of the case may be because of overload inversion force toward to lateral inferior from the fracture of fibula on the peroneus brevis tendon.Additional attention should be paid to patients who suffered from an supination-adduction ankle fracture for whether peroneus brevis tendon tears before and during surgery.
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Objective To understand the clinical features and pathogenic spectrum of encephalitis and menin﹣gitis syndrome in children. Methods A total of 667 cases of children with encephalitis or meningitis diagnosed and documented at Changchun Children′s Hospital from May 2012 to July 2015 were enrolled. A variety of samples in diffe﹣rent types were collected and presented,including 335 cerebrospinal fluid specimens,530 blood samples,and 332 stool samples. All the samples were collected from the patients within 72 hours on admission. Moreover,these samples are analyzed and tested,including PCR for enterovirus(EV),herpesvirus(HSV),mycobacterium tuberculosis( TB)and My﹣coplasma pneumoniae(MP)nucleic acid in cerebrospinal fluid samples;fecal specimens were tested for EV,enterovirus 71(EV71),coxsackievirus A6(CA6),coxsackievirus A16(CVA16),coxsackievirus A10( CVA10)nucleic acids;degenerate primers to amplify Echovirus 30(Echo30). Clinical data of children were collected. Results The peak in﹣cidence of encephalitis and meningitis syndrome was from June to August,age distribution was from 0 to 15 years old, the proportion of children aged from 0－6 accounted for 81. 41﹪;the highest proportion was among 0－1 years old in﹣fants,occupying 32. 38﹪;408 males and 259 females;the main symptoms were fever(586 cases),apathy(337 ca﹣ses),vomiting(307 cases)and headache(203 cases). And clinical signs included drowsiness(103 cases),neck stiff﹣ness(71 cases),meningeal irritation(12 cases),and pathological reflex( 313 cases),etc. The clinical diagnosis included 272 cases of viral encephalitis,332 cases of severe hand,foot and mouth disease complicated by encephalitis, 30 cases of bacterial meningitis,and 33 other cases;the etiological detection included:the positive rates of EV,EBV and Echo30 in cerebrospinal fluid specimens were 59. 72﹪,3. 16﹪ and 70. 00﹪,respectively. And EV71,CVA16,CVA6, EV71+CA16 and EV71+CVA16+CVA6 nucleic acids were detected in fecal samples,in which the highest detection rate was EV71(98. 96﹪). Conclusions In Changchun Children′s Hospital,the children with encephalitis and menin﹣gitis are mainly viral encephalitis. The main symptoms were fever,apathetic,drowsiness,vomiting and headache. Signs included,neck stiffness,meningeal irritation,and pathological reflexes,etc. The main pathogen of the disease is EV71.
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Objective@#To study the application of measles specific IgM and IgG antibody detection in classification of primary vaccination failure (PVF) and secondary vaccination failure (SVF).@*Methods@#Measles surveillance information system was used to collect measles confirmed cases in Tianjin, 2013-2015, and their blood specimens were collected, totally 284 cases were enrolled. Measles IgM and IgG were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relative avidity index (RAI) was used to express the result of measles avidity. Measles IgM, IgG and IgM/IgG was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) as evaluation indicators. In addition, compared with a measles outbreak (26 cases) of a middle school in Tianjin in 2016, for making further verification on the diagnostic value of vaccination failure with IgM, IgG and IgM/IgG.@*Results@#The age of cases ranged was 0-58 years old, the interval median (P25, P75) of serum collection after rash onset was 2 (1, 4) days. The positive rate of measles IgM and IgG in acute phase specimens were 76.06% (216 cases) and 88.38% (251 cases). According to the ROC curve analysis, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of IgM, IgG and IgM/IgG were 0.753, 0.891 and 0.952, indicating that IgM/IgG was the best index to distinguish PVF and SVF. The best cut off value for IgM/IgG was 0.06, the sensibility and specificity were 88.75% and 86.63%. When IgM/IgG >1, 96.30% cases were low-avidity (RAI <40%), only 1 case was equivocal response (RAI: 40%-60%). 97.14% cases were high-avidity (RAI >60%) when IgM/IgG <0.01, only 3 cases were equivocal response (RAI 40%-60%). The threshold of IgM/IgG was used to verify the measles outbreak of a middle school in Tianjin, 2016. In the acute phase specimens, 100% (26 cases) of IgM/IgG were <0.06, 84.62% (22 cases) of IgM/IgG were <0.01.@*Conclusion@#The detection of measles IgM and IgG with ELISA, and IgM/IgG is a valuable diagnostic tool to distinguish PVF and SVF.
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Objective@#To clarify the genotype of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in Jilin province in 2017, and to discriminate between vaccine strain and wild-type strain.@*Methods@#Vesicle fluid and throat swab samples were collected from 10 individuals with suspected VZV in Jilin province from January to March of 2017. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect viral nucleic acid. Specific regions of ORF22, ORF38 and ORF62 of VZV were amplified by PCR. Viral genotype was determined by five SNPs of ORF 22 and vaccine strain or wild-type strain was distinguished by four SNPs of ORF 38 and ORF 62. The results were analyzed with MEGA5 and BioEdit software, using the VZV reference strain sequences from GenBank.@*Results@#VZV-positive strains were detected in 10 samples, all belonged to Clade 2. There was a synonymous mutation (C→T) in position 38 048 of JL17-7 strain. The nucleotide homology of ORF22 showed that all 10 samples were on the same branch with the Clade 2 referenced strains. Compared with Clade 2 referenced strains, the homology of nucleotide and amino acid for all 10 samples were 99.5%-100% and 99.3%-100%, respectively. The four specific SNPs of ORF38 and ORF62 in 10 samples were A-T-T-T, which were consistent with wild-type strain.@*Conclusions@#This study reveals that the VZV strains circulating in Jilin province in 2017 were all wild-type strains belonging to Clade 2.
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Objective@#To understand the pathogenic composition of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia) from 2016 to 2017, and analyze the genetic characteristics of the main pathogens enterovirus (EV)-A71 and coxsackievirus (CV)-A16.@*Methods@#Analysis of the result of nucleic acid testing of HFMD in Ningxia from 2016 to 2017 to determine the pathogenic composition of HFMD. The complete VP1 coding region was amplified by RT-PCR and the gene sequence was determined for the enterovirus strains sent to the National HFMD Network Monitoring Laboratory in Ningxia from 2016 to 2017. BLAST analysis confirmed the serotype of the strain, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed respectively by selecting EV-A71 and CV-A16 isolates.@*Results@#The leading pathogens of HFMD in Ningxia of 2016 and 2017 were other EV (397, 43.72%) and EV-A71 (918, 56.18%) respectively, and the dominant pathogens in different months may differ. The pathogenic composition causing HFMD in the past two years has changed from CV-A16 and other EV to EV-A71 and other EV. The isolated EV-A71 strains were C4a evolutionary branch and the isolated CV-A16 strains were B1b evolutionary branch.@*Conclusions@#Compared to 2016, in 2017 EV-A71, CV-A16 and other EV changed dynamically. Dynamic monitoring of EV-A71 in Ningxia is of great significance to guide the strategy of using EV-A71 vaccine, concentrating medical resources to strengthen the treatment and reduce the mortality rate of severe HFMD cases.
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Objective@#The genetic characteristics of the human adenovirus type 53 (HAdV-53) strains isolated from Taiyuan city of Shanxi Province were studied to obtain the baseline data of their molecular characteristics.@*Methods@#Conjunctival swabs (n=79) were collected from epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) patients in Shanxi eye Hospital in 2016, and five HAdV-53 strains were obtained after virus isolation and identification based on the three major capsid genes sequences including Penton base, Hexon and Fiber gene. And the corresponding sequences of global epidemic HAdV-53 strains and the strains with the same genetic origin as HAdV-53 were also downloaded from GenBank database, and then the three gene database were established, respectively. With the database, phylogenetic tree was constructed, and the genetic and molecular evolutionary characteristics were analyzed with bioinformatics software.@*Results@#Five HAdV-53 strains in Shanxi Province in 2016 showed high consistency with the HAdV-53 strains prevalent in other countries in 1996-2014 (>99.8%). All HAdV-53 strains were in the same evolutionary branch with their recombinant source genotypes (HAdV-37 and HAdV-8) in Penton base and Fiber gene, respectively, and maintained a high degree of consistency in gene sequences. In Hexon gene, HAdV-53 strains were more closed to its recombinant source genotype HAdV-22, the nucleotide and amino acid sequences between two types were highly homologous, while HAdV-53 and HAdV-22 belonged to different evolutionary branches, and the evolution rate of HAdV-53 based on Hexon gene was 3.51×10-5 substitution/site/year.@*Conclusion@#HAdV-53 has become an important new ocular infectious pathogen of Taiyuan. HAdV-53 strain are relatively conservative and stable based on Penton base, Hexon, and Fiber gene.
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Objective@#To understand the clinical features and pathogenic spectrum of encephalitis and meningitis syndrome in children.@*Methods@#A total of 667 cases of children with encephalitis or meningitis diagnosed and documented at Changchun Children′s Hospital from May 2012 to July 2015 were enrolled.A variety of samples in diffe-rent types were collected and presented, including 335 cerebrospinal fluid specimens, 530 blood samples, and 332 stool samples.All the samples were collected from the patients within 72 hours on admission.Moreover, these samples are analyzed and tested, including PCR for enterovirus(EV), herpesvirus(HSV), mycobacterium tuberculosis(TB) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) nucleic acid in cerebrospinal fluid samples; fecal specimens were tested for EV, enterovirus 71 (EV71), coxsackievirus A6 (CA6), coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) nucleic acids; degenerate primers to amplify Echovirus 30 (Echo30). Clinical data of children were collected.@*Results@#The peak incidence of encephalitis and meningitis syndrome was from June to August, age distribution was from 0 to 15 years old, the proportion of children aged from 0-6 accounted for 81.41%; the highest proportion was among 0-1 years old infants, occupying 32.38%; 408 males and 259 females; the main symptoms were fever(586 cases), apathy(337 cases), vomiting (307 cases) and headache(203 cases). And clinical signs included drowsiness (103 cases), neck stiffness (71 cases), meningeal irritation (12 cases), and pathological reflex (313 cases), etc.The clinical diagnosis included 272 cases of viral encephalitis, 332 cases of severe hand, foot and mouth disease complicated by encephalitis, 30 cases of bacterial meningitis, and 33 other cases; the etiological detection included: the positive rates of EV, EBV and Echo30 in cerebrospinal fluid specimens were 59.72%, 3.16% and 70.00%, respectively.And EV71, CVA16, CVA6, EV71+ CA16 and EV71+ CVA16+ CVA6 nucleic acids were detected in fecal samples, in which the highest detection rate was EV71(98.96%).@*Conclusions@#In Changchun Children′s Hospital, the children with encephalitis and meningitis are mainly viral encephalitis.The main symptoms were fever, apathetic, drowsiness, vomiting and headache.Signs included, neck stiffness, meningeal irritation, and pathological reflexes, etc.The main pathogen of the disease is EV71.
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For the past several decades, the infectious disease profile in China has been shifting with rapid developments in social and economic aspects, environment, quality of food, water, housing, and public health infrastructure. Notably, 5 notifiable infectious diseases have been almost eradicated, and the incidence of 18 additional notifiable infectious diseases has been significantly reduced. Unexpectedly, the incidence of over 10 notifiable infectious diseases, including HIV, brucellosis, syphilis, and dengue fever, has been increasing. Nevertheless, frequent infectious disease outbreaks/events have been reported almost every year, and imported infectious diseases have increased since 2015. New pathogens and over 100 new genotypes or serotypes of known pathogens have been identified. Some infectious diseases seem to be exacerbated by various factors, including rapid urbanization, large numbers of migrant workers, changes in climate, ecology, and policies, such as returning farmland to forests. This review summarizes the current experiences and lessons from China in managing emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, especially the effects of ecology, climate, and behavior, which should have merits in helping other countries to control and prevent infectious diseases.
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Humans , Behavior , China , Epidemiology , Climate , Communicable Diseases , Classification , Epidemiology , Communicable Diseases, Emerging , Epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Ecology , Forecasting , IncidenceABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze the genetic characterization of glycoprotein M(gM.),glycoprotein L(gL) of varicella zoster virus.@*Methods@#According to the program of "Ministry of Science and Technology of China" , Based on the 12 suspected VZV patients monitored in Beijing (1 case), Shanghai (5 cases), Jilin (2 cases), Qinghai (1 case), Guangdong (2 case) and Sichuan (case) in 2007-2015. A total of 12 Vesicle fluid and throat swab samples were collected. Positive samples were identified by Agarose gel electrophoresis and two glycoprotein genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Nucleotide sequences were determined and analyzed by PCR amplification of VZV positive specimens V-OKA-BK of the domestic varicella attenuated live vaccine and the Varilrix-1 of the imported attenuated live vaccine. Nucleotide sequences of VZV positive specimens, vaccine strains (V-OKA-BK, varilrix-1) and GenBank foreign wild strains (41 strains), parent strains (P-oka), vaccine strains (V-oka, Varilrix, Varivax) were compared using BioEdit and MEGA 5.0.@*Results@#12 specimens were VZV positive. Compared with the vaccine strains and the parent strains, the GM gene of 1 positive specimen had radical mutation at 86686 sites, which resulted in amino acid mutation, 5 positive specimens had base mutation at 87844 sites, and 30 strains of foreign wild strains had the same variation at 87 844 sites. 1 positive specimens of gL gene in 101245 sites had base mutation, and led to amino acid mutation, 6 positive specimens at 101624, 101625, 101626 sites had base of loss and the foreign wild strains in these 3 sites had the same variation. Compared with the vaccine strains, the nucleotide and amino acid homology of gM of 12 VZV positive specimens were 99.2%-100% and 98.2%-100%, respectively, and gL of those were 99.3%-100% and 98.6%-100%, respectively. Compared with 41 strains of foreign wild strains, homology of gM's nucleotides and amino acid were 99.3%-100% and 98.5%-100%, respectively; 99.1%-100% and 98.6%-100% for gL. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that 7 VZV positive samples were on the same branch with 4 vaccine strains and p-oka strain. Based on gL, 12 VZV positive samples were on the same branch as the vaccine strains and p-oka strain.@*Conclusion@#This study demonstrates that the genes of gM, gL are highly conserved and remain stable immunogen, which may be involved in the attenuation of VZV and need to be further researched.
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Objective@#To better understand the evolution and epidemiology of human adenovirus-55 (HAdV-55) and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of the epidemic of HAdV-55 in China.@*Methods@#HAdV-55 isolates from 5 provinces in China included Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Hunan and Yunnan were collected during 2011-2014. The hexon, fiber and penton base gene were sequenced, and compared with other strains of HAdV-55 sequences downloaded from GenBank for homology and evolution analysis.@*Results@#During the past decade, HAdV-55 was found in 15 provinces throughout China. Genetic and phylogenetic analysis showed that the HAdV-55 virus is highly conservative in evolution due to aggregation in a branch in the evolutionary tree. However, bayesian phylogenetic tree shows a certain time evolution trend. The evolution rate of hexon and fiber gene of HAdV-55 are 5.228×10-5 and 1.238×10-4 substitutions/site/year respectively, and the latest coevolutionary ancestor tMRCA of hexon gene can be traced back to 1963.@*Conclusions@#HAdV-55 has been widely spread and continued circulating in China. Establishing effective monitoring system and conducting vaccine related research is very important for its control and prevention.
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Objective To investigate the importance of conditional control on the results of binary Logistic regression analysis.Methods 664 male patients diagnosed with CHD and 400 healthy controls who visited the Department of Cardiology at People's Hospital of Yuxi City in Yunnan province from October 2010 to March 2013were enrolled consecutively in this case-control study, and 14 physiological and biochemical indexes[including:age,UA,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,APOA1,APOB100,Lp(a),HCY, TBIL,DBIL,IBIL,γ-GT]were collected.The correlations and differences in mathematical model results between physiological,biochemical indexes and CHD were compared by binary Logistic regression analysis under different statistical analysis strategies and then the model was analyzed by the ROC curve.Results (1)With no conditional control,all of the 14 physiological and biochemical indexes were directly inputted in the binary Logistic regression analysis,and after 11 steps regression analysis,11 indexes[age,UA,TG, HDL-C,LDL-C,APOA1,APOB100, Lp(a), HCY, DBIL, γ-GT]were retained.Because of the self-correcting ability of the binary Logistic regression analysis, relatively satisfactory results can be obtained. However,someof the resultsarehard to explain.(2)According to the application conditions of Logistic regression analysis,after performing the normality test, difference analysis and correlation analysis of these indexes, using condition analysis and control, considering the distribution characteristics of the indexes, excluding internal confounding factors among variables,9 more independent indexes[age,UA,TC,lnTG, lnLp(a),lnHCY,HDL-C,LDL-C and TBIL]were selected for Logistic regression analysis.After 7 steps regression analysis,7 indexes[age, UA, HDL-C, lnTG, lnLp(a), lnHCY and lnTBIL]were finally selected,and the area under the curve is 0.927.Conclusion When the binary Logistic regression analysis was used to confirm risk factors and establish risk assessment models for complex diseases, it is better to adopt strict conditional control to improve the reliability and validity of the analysis.
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Objective@#To explore the differences among three methods of nucleic acid extraction and three kinds of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument.@*Methods@#Twenty-five respiratory virus nucleic acid and 25 enterovirus nucleic acid positive samples were with selected at random and nucleic acids were extracted by using three methods (method A, B, and C). The results among different methods were analyzed by randomized block design. 25 respiratory viral nucleic acid positive specimens and enterovirus nucleic acid positive samples were detected by using three kinds of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument (instrument A, B, and C). The results among different instruments were analyzed by randomized block design.@*Results@#There was a significant difference among three methods of nucleic acid extraction in results(χ2=42.9162, P<0.001), in which method A and C had not significant difference(Z=0.837, P=0.3816>0.05), while method A vs. B, B vs. C were significantly different(Z=7.025, P<0.001; Z=7.9, P<0.001). There was also a significant difference among three kinds of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument in results(χ2=23.773, P<0.001), in which instrument B and C had no significant difference(Z=0.75, P=0.4533>0.05), while instrument A vs. B, A vs. C were significantly different(Z=5.70, P<0.001; Z=6.45, P<0.001).@*Conclusions@#There is difference among different methods and instruments in the test results under the same condition, which call for options in practical work according to need.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between postoperative survival quality with social support and coping style of the main caregivers in the elderly patients with laryngeal carcinoma surgery.Methods A total of 60 inpatients with laryngeal carcinoma surgery and their main caregivers were investigated by the Medical University of Washington Quality of Life Scale (UW-QOL),Coping Styles Questionnaire(CSQ) and Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS).And the obtained data were statistically analyzed by adopting the statistical methods such as Pearsons correlation analysis.Results The postoperative survival quality of the elderly patients with laryngeal carcinoma surgery was generally lower.The social support was in the medium level.The main caregivers adopted more coping style of solving problem and seeking help.The patients' survival quality showed significantly positive correlation with the social support(P＜0.05),significantly positive correlation with the main caregivers' solving problems and seeking help coping style(P＜0.05),and significantly negative correlation with the main caregivers' self-accusation and withdraw and keep off coping style(P＜0.05).Conclusion Increasing the social support level and the main caregivers taking a positive the coping style to face the disease have an important significance for improving the quality of life in elderly patients with laryngeal carcinoma.